Supreme court database codebook 23 Source of Case State 24 Lower Court Disagreement 25 Reason for Granting Cert 26 Lower Court Disposition Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations voteId n/a n/a This is the fourth of four unique internal identification numbers. […] Compilation of this database has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations lawType LAW 8 [ view ] This variable and its components (lawSupp and lawMinor) identify the constitutional provision(s), statute(s), or court rule(s) that the Court considered in the case. In the Case Centered data the unit of analysis is the case; i. The victory the Supreme Court provided the petitioning party may not have been total and complete (e. Complete a blank sample electronically to save yourself time and money. A missing value code indicates that the decisionDirection was unspecifiable or that that justice did not participate. A regular concurrence is when the justice agrees with the Court’s opinion as well as its disposition. The sup-plemental file (mergeMeasures. Spaeth asked the National Science Foundation to fund a database that would be so rich in content that multiple users—even those with vastly distinct projects and purposes in mind—could draw on it. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the database. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the This was done to provide a basis for continuity in the Court's decision making and to avoid, if desired, undue segmentation of the Court's decisions. Notes to All Users 1. NYSCEF - New York State Courts Electronic Filing If you don't know the format of the case number you are trying to search Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations direction HARDIR-BRYDIR 2 [ view ] This variable indicates whether the justice cast a liberal or conservative vote. Occasionally, in the absence of language in the prevailing opinion, the dissent will state clearly and […] Supreme Court Database Code Book 2011 Release 01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations chief CHIEF 17 [ view ] This variable identifies the chief justice during whose tenure the case was decided. Note: This variable relies on the Justices ID for its values. […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations docketId n/a n/a This is the second of four unique internal identification numbers. 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition 28 Lower Court Disposition Direction New York State Unified Court System. With the exception of various Latin phrases and abbreviations, all words are now in upper case. Accordingly, we urge you to pay attention to the date your version appeared on the website and This variable identifies the assigner of the opinion or judgment of the Court, as the case may be. No software installation. Supreme Court. The next two are the number of dockets consolidated under the U. , sex discrimination, state tax, affirmative action) rather than its legal basis (e. Note that for the 1946 terms to present, decisionType=1 cases are those that the Court decided by a signed opinion and in which it heard oral arguments. See also Source of Case (caseSource). Note: This is a denormalized, human-readable […] The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 130. Spaeth, Distinguished University Professor, emeritus, Michigan State University;Research Professor in the College of Law and in the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research. Most helpful was the […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations opinion HARO to BRYO 3 [ view ] This variable indicates the opinion, if any, that the justice wrote. For cases argued in one term and reargued and decided in the next, term indicates the latter. Some notes about the organization of […] transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. This variable appears in the […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations authorityDecision2 AUTHDEC2 7 [ view ] See variable Authority for Decision 1 (authorityDecision1). The exceptions are courts, judicial districts, or judges. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations vote HARV to BRYV 8 [ view ] This variable provides information about each justice’s vote in the case. Try NOW! Organized by Supreme Court Citation This database includes one set of justice votes for each dispute. 23 Source of Case 24 Source of Case State 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations majority HARM – BRYM 2 [ view ] Analysts commonly want to know the frequency with which given justices vote with the majority and/or in dissent overall or in certain sets of circumstances. . Values: 1 Alabama 2 Alaska 3 American Samoa 4 Arizona 5 Arkansas 6 California […] The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. If the case did not arise on certiorari, this variable will be so coded even if the Court provides a reason why it agreed to hear the case. A justice authors no opinion unless […] We provide both Case Centered and Justice Centered data. , affirmed, vacated, reversed and remanded, etc. These data are drawn from the membership in the final (report vote) coalition and from the rules governing opinion assignment: If the chief justice is a member of the majority vote coalition at the conference vote, he assigns the opinion; if not, the senior associate justice who is a member of Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations lawSupp LAW 206 [ view ] See variable Legal Provisions Considered by the Court. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations threeJudgeFdc J3 2 [ view ] This variable will be checked if the case was heard by a three-judge federal district court (occasionally called “as specially constituted district court”). It appears in the Justice Centered Datasets only. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Compilation of this database has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. Reports citation (starting […] Second, some legacy cases are “original” motions or requests for the Court to take jurisdiction but were heard or filed in another court. Historically, the nature of how a term is defined has changed. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseId n/a n/a This is the first of four unique internal identification numbers. The database to which this introduction pertains spans all four centuries of the Court’s decisions, from its first decision in 1791 to the Court’s […] The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 130. For more details, […] The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. 417 (1921), asking the Court to issue a writ of mandamus to a federal judge. Supreme Court decisionmaking in the past forty years and is […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations lexisCite n/a n/a See variable U. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme The Genesis of the Database The U. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations docket DOCKET n/a This variable contains the docket number that the Supreme Court has assigned to the case. Accordingly, we urge you to pay attention to the date your version appeared on the website and to check The Supreme Court Database Codebook 8/26/10 3:50 PM http://scdb. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseName n/a n/a This is the name of the case. Variable Name. 50 Vote Not Clearly Specified 51 Majority Opinion Writer 52 Majority Opinion Assigner 53 Split Vote 54 Majority Votes The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. Even though several justices served as both associate and chief justice they receive only one identification number. The difference between them is that lawSupp and lawMinor are coded finely; they identify the specific law, constitutional provision or rule […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations ledCite LED n/a See variable U. Because determination of whether a justice wrote an opinion is no simple matter, rules must be formulated. It is organized by substantive category, is text searchable, and will be updated with each data release. Values: 1 attorney general of the United States, or their office 2 specified state board or department of education 3 city, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit 4 state commission, board, committee, or authority 5 county government or […] Dec 5, 2012 · The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. Benesh University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Department of Political Science Jeffrey Segal Stony Brook University Department of Political Do whatever you want with a The Supreme Court Database Codebook: fill, sign, print and send online instantly. Supreme Court Database Code Book 2011 Release 01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 128. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations declarationUncon UNCON 4 [ view ] An entry in this variable indicates that the Court either declared unconstitutional an act of Congress; a state or territorial statute, regulation, or constitutional provision; or a municipal or other local ordinance. Accordingly, we urge you to pay attention to the date your version appeared on the website and The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 128 10/17/18, 11:58 AM. Enter a “3” in cases in which the Court denied or dismissed the petition for review or where the decision of a lower court is affirmed by a tie vote. The Court, however, rarely provides a reason for taking jurisdiction by writs other than certiorari. e. edu/documentationGenPdfFormat. On any device & OS. ” All cases containing a “4” in the type of decision variable = 3. do) facilitates easy merging of these data in STATA with any chosen Justice Centered Data file available from the Supreme Court Database web- The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the Introduction A Prefatory Note from Harold J. 23 Source of Case 24 Source of Case State 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. No paper. It appears in the Justice-Centered Datasets only. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Supreme Court Database Code Book brick_2012_01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed, the […] This compiled version of the codebook contains descriptive explanations of the data that makes up this collection as well as an exhaustive list of the numeric codes used throughout this site and the downloadable binaries. CT), the Lawyers’ Edition of the United States Reports(LEd), and the LEXIS cite. , each row of the database contains information about an individual dispute. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations partyWinning WIN 3 [ view ] This variable indicates whether the petitioning party (i. The first four digits are the term. Compilation of this database has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. The Court eliminated the possibility of […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations lcDispositionDirection LCTDIR 3 [ view ] This variable specifies whether the decision of the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed was itself liberal or conservative as these terms are defined in the direction of decision variable (decisionDirection). transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. These data are drawn from the membership in the final (report vote) coalition and from the rules governing opinion assignment: If the chief justice is a member of the majority vote coalition at the conference vote, he assigns the opinion; if not, the senior associate justice who is a member of Compilation of this database has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. 23 Source of Case 24 Source of Case State 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations issueArea VALUE 14 [ view ] This variable simply separates the issues identified in the preceding variable (issue) into the following larger categories: criminal procedure (issues 10010–10600), civil rights (issues 20010–20410), First Amendment (issues 30010–30020), due process (issues 40010–40070), privacy (issues 50010–50040), attorneys Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseOrigin ORIGIN 211 [ view ] The focus of this variable is the court in which the case originated, not the administrative agency (see adminAction and adminActionState). Especially note that these four Reporters are […] creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. Securely download your document with other editable templates, any time, with PDFfiller. The Database contains over two hundred pieces of information about each case decided by the Court from its founding to today. 23 Source of Case 24 Source of Case State 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition Read & Download PDF The Supreme Court Database Codebook Free, Update the latest version with high-quality. Without its assistance, the database would not exist. Martin Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations term TERM n/a This variable identifies the term in which the Court handed down its decision. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations firstAgreement HARA1 – BRYA1 118 [ view ] This variable (and Second Agreement) denotes whether the justice agreed with a dissent or concurrence written by another justice (indicated by the justice’s id number). This is true for the 1791–1945 terms too. 23 Source of Case 24 Source of Case State 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 130. The same rule applies to various provisions pertaining to the Bill of Rights even though the Fourteenth Amendment had not The Supreme Court Database Codebook 6 of 128 Foundation. Reports citation (starting […] The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 132. php Page 1 of 125 Supreme Court Database Code Book transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Supreme Court Database Code Book 2009 Release 04 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Supreme Court Database Code Book brick_2011_02 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseSourceState SOURCE 64 [ view ] If the source of the case (i. , 256 U. For the definitions of liberal and conservative, see variable decisionDirection. Below is a listing of the […] Supreme Court Database Code Book 2009 Release 04 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseOriginState ORIGIN 64 [ view ] If the case originated in a state court, this variable identifies the state. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the Supreme Court Database Code Book brick_2012_01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 1. If they are federal courts or federal judges, the “state” is always the United States. php Page 1 of 125 Supreme Court Database Code Book We provide both Case Centered and Justice Centered data. The names […] This variable provides the reason, if any, that the Court gives for granting the petition for certiorari. & Commerce Corp. Professor Spaeth’s goal was […] Supreme Court Database Code Book 2010 Release 01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth Michigan State University College of Law Lee Epstein Northwestern University Ted Ruger University of Pennsylvania School of Law Keith Whittington Princeton University Department of Politics Jeffrey Segal Stony Brook University Department of Political Science Andrew D Read & Download PDF The Supreme Court Database Codebook , Update the latest version with high-quality. Accordingly, we urge you to pay attention to the date your version appeared on the website and to check whether it is the current one. Between the frequency […] This codebook provides details on the data file (measures. The Database contains over two hundred pieces of information about each case decided by the Court between the 1946 and 2012 terms. This variable appears in the Justice Centered Datasets only. Accordingly, we urge you to pay attention to the date your version appeared on the website and Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations lawSupp LAW 206 [ view ] See variable Legal Provisions Considered by the Court. Further details are available at the webpage of the Supreme Court Database: transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. lcDispositionDirection permits determination of whether the Supreme Court’s disposition of Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations decisionType DEC_TYPE 7 [ view ] decisionType=1: Cases the Court decides by a signed opinion. Justices who dissent from a denial or dismissal of certiorari or who disagree with the Court’s assertion of jurisdiction count as not participating in the decision. Variable caseSourceState identifies the name of the state. Each case receives just one identification number. Reports citation (starting […] Online Codebook. 23 Source of Case State 24 Lower Court Disagreement 25 Reason for Granting Cert 26 Lower Court Disposition The Supreme Court Database Codebook 3 of 125. This variable provides that information for each justice. Only dissents on the merits are specified in this variable. Supreme Court Citation. Values: 1 Jay 2 Rutledge 3 Ellsworth 4 Marshall 5 Taney 6 Chase 7 Waite 8 Fuller 9 White 10 Taft 11 Hughes 12 Stone 13 Vinson 14 Warren 15 Burger […] Supreme Court Database Code Book brick_2011_02 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth Michigan State University College of Law Lee Epstein Northwestern University Ted Ruger University of Pennsylvania School of Law Keith Whittington Princeton University Department of Politics Jeffrey Segal Stony Brook University Department of Political Science Andrew D. , by vacating and remanding the matter rather than an unequivocal reversal), but […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations majOpinWriter MOW 118 [ view ] This variable identifies the author of the Court’s opinion or judgment, as the case may be. , a concurrence […] This variable has no entry if the case arose under the Supreme Court’s original jurisdiction. If caseSource is a state court, the value of this variable will be 300 (State Supreme Court), 302 (State Appellate Court) or 303 (State Trial Court). For a more detailed description of these identifiers, please visit the detail page for the Justices variable. Beginning in the early 1900s, Congress required three-judge district courts to hear certain kinds of cases. The next four are the case within the term (starting at 001 and counting up). Reporter Citation. The Supreme Court Database Codebook 7 of 130 2. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme The Supreme Court Database Codebook Supreme Court Database Code Book brick_2020_01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth Michigan State University College of Law Lee Epstein Washington University in Saint Louis Ted Ruger University of Pennsylvania School of Law Sarah C. , the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed) is a state court, this variable identifies the state. For example, the majority and the dissent may both assert that the rights of a […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseIssuesId n/a n/a This is the third of four unique internal identification numbers. Although criteria for the identification of issues are hard to articulate, the focus here is on the subject matter of the controversy (e. Date of Decision. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. For more details, see the […] Most cases arising under the Court’s original jurisdiction should receive a “3. Values: 1 Alabama 2 Alaska 3 American Samoa 4 Arizona 5 Arkansas 6 California 7 Colorado 8 Connecticut 9 Delaware 10 District of Columbia […] The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 128. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed, the […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations respondent PARTY_2 311 [ view ] See Petitioner variable. See, for example, Ex parte Matthew Addy S. Reporter Citation (usCite). Two agreements are coded—one in this variable and the second in secondAgreement. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the Supreme Court Database Code Book 2009 Release 03 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 130. , the […] The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. For this reason a number of cases show a state or federal appellate court as the one in which the case originated rather […] Supreme Court Database Code Book 2009 Release 01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Supreme Court Database Code Book 2010 Release 01 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseDisposition DIS 11 [ view ] The treatment the Supreme Court accorded the court whose decision it reviewed is contained in this variable; e. Supreme Court Database (SCDB) is a comprehensive, public, multi-user data resource containing information about every case decided by the United States Supreme Court from its first decision in 1791 to today. Values: 1 judicial review (national level) 2 judicial review (state level) 3 Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction 4 statutory construction 5 interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 128. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. The codebook now provides five pieces of information for each variable: the name of the variable as it appears in the current version of the Database, the name Spaeth used in previous versions (if applicable), any normalization (changes we made when converting The Supreme Court Database Codebook Compilation of this database has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. The last two are the number of dockets consolidated under the U. Try NOW! The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 132. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations minVotes n/a n/a This variable specifies the number of votes in dissent. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. dta) providing the Segal-Cover and Martin-Quinn ideal points for justices serving on the U. Prior to the first two terms of the Burger Court (1969–1970), different cases coming to the Court in different terms could have the same docket number. For more details, see the variable caseOrigin. 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition This codebook provides details on the data file (measures. The same holds for […] The U. Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations decisionDirectionDissent DIRD 2 [ view ] Once in a great while the majority as well as the dissenting opinion in a case will both support or, conversely, oppose the issue to which the case pertains. Consolidated cases (those with multiple dockets) or cases with multiple issues or legal provisions are included only once. In coding this variable we consulted several sources. Spaeth Name. , the plaintiff or the appellant) emerged victorious. 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition 28 Lower Court Disposition Direction The Supreme Court Database Codebook 2 of 128. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations justice HAR-BRY 118 [ view ] This variable provides a unique identification number for each of the justices. Note […] transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. The Database forms the basis of nearly every empirical study of U. The Supreme Court Database's research team continuously updates the The value for each case represents the unique ‘caseId’ variable from the Supreme Court Database. The values here are the same as those for lcDisposition (how the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed disposed […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations issueArea VALUE 14 [ view ] This variable simply separates the issues identified in the preceding variable (issue) into the following larger categories: criminal procedure (issues 10010–10600), civil rights (issues 20010–20410), First Amendment (issues 30010–30020), due process (issues 40010–40070), privacy (issues 50010–50040), attorneys Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations caseOrigin ORIGIN 211 [ view ] The focus of this variable is the court in which the case originated, not the administrative agency (see adminAction and adminActionState). The values here are the same as those for lcDisposition (how the court whose decision the Supreme Court reviewed disposed […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations usCite US n/a The next four variables provide the citation to each case from the official United States Reports (US) and the three major unofficial Reports, the Supreme Court Reporter (S. g. Supreme Court Database traces its history back four decades, when Harold J. We derived the post-heritage names from WESTLAW and then did a bit of tidying so that they appear in a consistent format. The first four digits are the term. Values: 100 Article I, Section 1 (delegation of powers) 101 Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or bills of credit) 102 Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (composition of the […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations justiceName n/a 118 [ view ] This is a string variable indicating the first initial for the five justices with a common surname (Harlan, Johnson, Marshall, Roberts, and White) and last name of each justice. The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. A special concurrence (i. More modern-day legislation has reduced […] Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations precedentAlteration ALT_PREC 2 [ view ] A “1” will appear in this variable if the majority opinion effectively says that the decision in this case “overruled” one or more of the Court’s own precedents. Try Now! The Supreme Court Database Codebook 8/26/10 3:50 PM http://scdb. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme The Supreme Court Database is the definitive source for researchers, students, journalists, and citizens interested in the U. For more details, see the […] This variable identifies the assigner of the opinion or judgment of the Court, as the case may be. S. Accordingly, Compilation of this database was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. Supreme Court Database Code Book 2009 Release 02 CONTRIBUTORS Harold Spaeth 7 Supreme Court Citation 8 Lawyers Edition Citation 9 LEXIS Citation 10 Docket Number Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations petitionerState PARTY_1 64 [ view ] This variable identifies the state if the state or any one of the below is the petitioner. Examples include the identity of the court whose decision the Supreme Variable Name Spaeth Name Normalizations issue ISSUE 278 [ view ] This variable identifies the issue for each decision. The Supreme Court Database has been generously supported by the National Science Foundation. 23 Source of Case 24 Source of Case State 25 Lower Court Disagreement 26 Reason for Granting Cert 27 Lower Court Disposition Online Codebook. wustl. transformation into the creatively designed and implemented database you have at hand is Troy's creation. pmobk ggks ddapr phbaa mdmtjj deavefk pbmza lov rstoob mday uwck jwykkzl jfvx biqlc aihya