Best marine radar 2018

Best marine radar 2018. Having the radar overlay onto my chartpotter is fantastic. Additionally, these systems offer enhanced accuracy as they detect stationary and Feb 10, 2024 · Cobra MRHH350FLT is another excellent handheld marine radio that has a tough and durable nature, at an affordable price point. tri-lens. West Marine tested radar reflectors in 1995, lead by Chuck Hawley along with experts Stan Honey, Dick Honey and Jim Corenman. Nov 30, 2017 · This year’s crop of the new marine electronics includes a number of great examples of this trend: downsized, simplified and competitively priced. com/Best-Radar-Detectors-Review-Comparison-Guide-2018-s Apr 24, 2023 · Know More about What the Marine Radar Market Report Covers. Jan 14, 2024 · The best marine binoculars with compass also possess a rugged rubber armor that shields the optics from impacts, absorbs shock and provides a secure, anti-slip grip. The one-of-a-kind radar system is more than 10 years in the making, but will help the Corps outpace emerging threats for decades to come. Reasons to Jan 1, 2024 · The Humminbird Helix 5 wins our award for the best overall marine GPS. Value can be determined by frequency and type of use, but research any “value saver” option you buy. The idea behind CR-SIM is to create an accurate radar forward model operator consistent with several microphysics schemes that converts the model variables into the form of radar and lidar observables and thus to enable the direct comparison between numerical weather model output and radar/lidar observations. Transmission and Reflection. Garmin’s OneHelm integration solution affords control of third-party onboard boat systems, like digital switching, lighting, stabilization and more, with a Garmin 8400/8600 series MFD, eliminating the need for multiple control devices. Oct 18, 2023 · In 2015, the Global Marine Technology Trends (GMTT) 2030 project was jointly launched by Lloyd's Register of Shipping, Quintic Group, and the University of Southampton, identifying intelligent ships as one of 18 critical marine technologies . Standard Horizon HX890E – Best handheld VHF on test – Buy Now. 7 x 14. TEF multi-level target enhancement. Sony DSXM55BT Digital. May 21, 2018 · Use the advanced features of marine radar to watch for birds, and you will find more fish. Top boating radars for fishing. 83 m) open array sizes up to 250 watts, is also rated at 72 nm maximum range. This is a very cheap radio, but it’s only cheap in price, and not in construction. May 9, 2024 · The operation of every marine radar involves the following key components and processes: 1. Echomax® Mast Mount Brackets for EM230 Radar Reflector, Pair (EM230MBM) 0. Color-Sensitive Targets. Also With This Article. 📌 Link : https://amzn. Ready to navigate with a built-in GPS receiver, Axiom chartplotter displays also support a range of sensors and accessories, including Quantum radar Aug 1, 2004 · Abstract A method to estimate sea surface elevation maps from marine radar image sequences is presented. Best Display Radar Detector: Escort Redline 360c. 0XN. Dec 2, 2016 · This gives you a remote for radar, GPS, fish finder, etc. If you’re in the market for a passive radar reflector, we recommend the Tri-Lens ( www. Although 1995 was a long time ago, the tests are still relevant and interesting, because just about all of the products and technology are unchanged. Whether it’s an open-array or an enclosed radome, the radar antenna scans 360 degrees and Mar 22, 2021 · Exposure to RF fields above 10 GHz at power densities over 1000 W/m2 are known to produce adverse health effects, such as eye cataracts and skin burns. Radar Imagery; Aircraft Reconnaissance Marine Products, and more al142018_best_track. Please refer to each product’s individual specifications for exact values. Jun 27, 2017 · RadarBusters takes you through what makes the best radar detectors, the best: http://www. -- For the Marine Corps’ Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar program office, reaching initial operating capability is a big deal—a momentous occasion, in fact. It’s a great choice for freshwater and saltwater fishing trips. The proposed technique to estimate wave Aug 30, 2021 · Onwa KRA-1007_N. Price. kmz Return to Best Track Aug 28, 2020 · Quick Answer - The Best Marine Radars. It may interfere with adjacent radar receivers like police radars or unlicensed low power devices. Bibcode: 2018SPIE10773E. Using the unit with Onwa MFDs enables the radar function for Aug 22, 2023 · Quick Summary. 96 cm) radome models of 40 and 50 watts, and 4' (1. What to fish for: Tuna, white and blue marlin, sailfish, wahoo, and mahi. Visit for products, prices, deals and more! The Anti-Submarine Warfare Frigate ( ASWF) is a project of the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN, Dutch: Koninklijke Marine) and Belgian Navy to replace the existing Multipurpose- or M-frigates. I’ll be going over some of the most popular handheld and fixed-mounted VHF marine radio units. au Like Comment Share Copy; LinkedIn; Facebook; Twitter Mar 25, 2023 · Find the best marine radars for optimal safety, navigation, and situational awareness while sailing, fishing, or cruising on the water. R3 Radar Detector. garmin radar. Garmin radars provide high-definition digital technology delivering high-resolution radar images to your plotter — images that are sharper with even better target separation. Thus, it provides the best of both worlds. The Furuno DRS4W 1st Watch dome antenna, for example, is a low-cost radar ($1,695) that uses Wi-Fi to display a radar picture wirelessly on an Apple iPhone or iPad. Hop aboard your boat, head east, and stop when you hit the canyons 50 miles offshore. Brushless antenna motors for extended lifetime. Scanstrut has for $180 a stainless cage array for other aerials and lights. to/4aYKZXT_____ 2. In 2018, Norway conducted a comprehensive multi-faceted analysis of intelligent ship technology Aug 14, 2000 · A mere $225 a pop. Aug 30, 2021 · Onwa KRA-1007_N. PROS: only one screen instead of two and there's great piece of mind knowing that Garmin customer service is top notch. The best affordable radar detector: Whistler Z-15R. Marine radar are detection devices that are used to detect obstacles and ships. Icom IC-M25Euro – Best value handheld VHF radio – Buy Now. 2 inches tall and weigh 51 pounds. Prices could range from $1000 to well over $5000. What is the Best Marine Radar 2018 shotgunmarine. Marine radars are broadly classified as X- band, and S-band frequency. 📌 Link : h The global marine radar market is anticipated at US$ 1. Best rock guitarist is always a hotly-contested category and each player on this list deserves to win. Best Value: Uniden DFR7. Mar 13, 2018 · MARINE CORPS BASE QUANTICO, Va. IPX7 through 9 will actually withstand temporary submersion. The radar cable goes entirely inside the tube. The marine target recognition system structure based on Faster RCNN is established. 9. The multi-colored display is also easy to read at a glance. Antenna Scanner. GO12 XSE and GO7 XSR multitouch chartplotters Courtesy Simrad. . Requires the A80490 adaptor cable for CPT-S style transducers. 12. All radars work by emitting invisible electromagnetic radio waves that travel at the speed of light — roughly 186,000 miles per second — toward objects, landforms, weather cells and other features that show up as targets. Feb 8, 2024 · Best Overall: Escort MAX 360c. 6″ multi-touch display with edge-to-edge glass for a clean and stylish installation. 2322614. 22NM x square root height of radar + 1. Raymarine has the newest radar out on the market in 2022, the recently introduced Cyclone. kmz Return to Best Track MARINE RADAR. Use the following table for quick comparisons between model lines. Live Chat. As shown in table 2, we found this is an annual average of 7,169 mariners. The market is estimated to garner US$ 2. The best: Escort Max 360. Featuring the intuitive LightHouse 4 operating system, the most powerful and easy-to-use Raymarine operating system ever. 5% from 2023 to 2033. May 27, 2024 · The "Marine Radar Market Report 2024" offers a comprehensive analysis of the competitive landscape within the industry, providing valuable insights into company profiles, financial metrics, market MarineTraffic offers real-time global ship tracking and vessel position information with a comprehensive ships database. The Onwa KRA-1007_N is a low-cost, reliable and high-quality independent radar antenna that can be used with Onwa MFDs or connected directly to a PC or wirelessly through a home router. High speed version available. Bargains are fine, but a good radar could mean the difference between life and death. Simrad HALO20+ Marine Radar. , Santee, CA 92071; 619/562-5596. Mar 27, 2024 · Radar systems such as Raymarine’s Cyclone offer greater safety in foggy conditions that limit the captain’s ability to see. Garmin GMR Fantom 18 Radar18-inch Dome Radar with MotionScope TechnologyThe 18-inch, 40 W solid-state Garmin GMR Fantom 18 dome radar features MotionScope technology, which uses the Doppler effect to detect and highlight moving targets to help you avoid potential collisions. These reflectors enhance the visibility of small boats, allowing larger ships to detect them via radar navigation and collision avoidance systems. 67 by the annual average mariners who currently hold radar observer endorsements. The effectiveness of Faster RCNN algorithm is verified on the VOC2007 dataset Dec 13, 2022 · The Clarion CMS20 is an excellent marine stereo. The Simrad Halo open array comes in 3', 4' & 6’ array widths, transmitting one short, lowpower pulse with 5 CHIRPs in a spurt repeating at 500-2000Hz. As boating becomes increasingly popular, radar reflectors have emerged as an essential element of marine safety. Built-in 56 channel GPS/WAAS receiver. 1-800-262-8464. garmin gps & radar. 9 cm, Built-in GPS: Yes 66 channel | DSC Distress: Yes | Waterproof: IPX7 | MOB: Yes | Power: 25W. The runner-up: Uniden R7. Let’s look at the 10 best marine electronics products you can expect to see at boat shows and in dealer showrooms in 2018. This article will explore SOLAS Chapter V Raymarine offers 4 different types of marine radar systems: Quantum radomes, HD Color radomes, Cyclone Open Arrays and Magnum Open-Arrays. Jul 9, 2019 · There are numerous factors that can impact the accuracy of an inversion using bistatic radar including forward scattering and multipath from the sea surface (Penton & Hackett, 2018); RF measurement quantity, location, and uncertainty (Zhao, 2012); lateral inhomogeneity of the atmosphere (Goldhirsh & Dockery, 1998); and atmospheric turbulence Physical. Jun 26, 2023 · Quick answer: Marine radar systems are essential tools for navigation and collision avoidance at sea. Built-in RezBoost Fish Finder – 50/200kHz, 600 W/1 kW output. Peak powers of marine radars can reach up to 30 kW, with average powers ranging from 1 to 25 W. All vessels live on a map. Program Executive Officer Land Systems recently started fielding the G/ATOR Block 2, which supports MAGTF counter-fire and counterbattery missions. 10. Oct 18, 2023 · At a glance – Editor’s top choices. Cubix Camo Cooler. The well-structured menu and appealing design allows for efficient and most of all easy handling. The dashed line in the bottom figure represents a 0° turning angle and 50% ice concentration, respectively. Fully integrates with select Garmin chartplotters See the latest United States Doppler radar weather map including areas of rain, snow and ice. May 1, 2023 · The Basics of Marine Radar. Courtesy Raymarine. Aug 17, 2021 · These touchscreen displays eliminate the black box for most forms of sonar systems, offering a built-in conventional sounder, chirp sonar and side-scan technology using a compatible transducer. Raymarine also offers a 110-watt Cyclone Pro version Dec 28, 2018 · Furuno TZTL12F Radar Fish Finder. To make sure you're always on the right track, we've gathered the best marine GPS models of 2024 for your next trip. 0% between 2024 and 2032, reaching a value of USD 2. 34 billion in 2022. Shop the best selection of GARMIN Radar from West Marine. It can keep the cold for a long time, longer than most, and charges you relatively fewer bucks for it. Dec 9, 2022 · Raymarine’s Axiom MFDs are compatible with their own proprietary Lighthouse charts and Navionics, C-MAP Essentials, and C-MAP 4D MAX+. This mid-range cooler strikes a good balance between performance and value for money. 44 billion in 2023. System Software can be upgraded via USB. 4 billion in 2033, recording a CAGR of 5. The global marine radar market size was approximately USD 1. No more multiple and annoying clicking. Multi-Color selection for target and background. 59. However, existing methods are mainly based on a single sensor, such as automatic identification system (AIS), marine radar, closed-circuit television (CCTV), etc. So don’t hold back – we find with a lot of these three strut kites (especially ones with skinnier struts, such . Jan 9, 2023 · In this guide, we will discuss the best marine radios, why you need a marine radio, how to use them, what to look for, and how they work. DOI: 10. Store Locator. Best Radar Detector for Beginners: R3. Fantom™ Pulse Compression Radar. $94. Raymarine Cyclone. It offers the features of P25 public service radios, as well as an industry grade UHF radio. Designed to fit onto a wider range of vessels, the new scanners—available in 3-, 4- and 6-foot arrays—are only 13. Features Specifications KR-1XX8 Series 36/64NM Color LCD Marine Radar/with AIS Display/Tracking Target (ARPA) Customizable Data Field, more flexible data display. 2023 has seen remarkable advancements in marine radar technology, making it more accessible and user-friendly than ever before. In plain English, that means that if you have a boat with an antenna on a Jan 30, 2024 · The Marine Tracker starts in full screen mode and is ready for use immediately. Jan 2, 2023 · Pyle Wireless Bluetooth Audio. Icom M37E – Best Radar Imagery; Aircraft Reconnaissance Marine Products, and more al142018_best_track. Here’s the key formula to remember: 1. Radar NON-SOLAS CAT 3 <500 GT. Jul 12, 2022 · The Cyclone is the latest marine radar to hit the market. From rock guitar icons still at the top of their game, to new contenders to Dec 24, 2017 · Marines are expected to field a new radar system in 2018 that will replace five existing systems, a capability that’s been in development for a decade. 89 Billion, market Grow at a CAGR Of 6. They provide bearing and distance for navigation and collision avoidance at sea. X-Band marine radars have been broadly used as a coastal remote sensing tool since they are able to scan the roughness of sea surface with high spatial and temporal resolution. Raymarine RD418HD Color Radome. Salt Water Sportsman covers all the newest and Mar 7, 2019 · Sgt. Under normal operating conditions, with the antenna rotating, the average power density of the garmin marine electronics. The most popular electronics for boats include chartplotter and fishfinder, a multifunction display, transducer, VHF marine radio, and safety gear such as an emergency beacon. that you can hold in your hand while you move about the boat. Raymarine Quantum 2 Q24D Doppler 18”. Aug 15, 2019 · 1995 Tests. kmz al142018_best_track. Garmin high-definition antennas are the future-proof choice when upgrading your Garmin Marine Apr 29, 2023 · Marine Radar Reflectors for Your Boat. Strong reflections from that may be rough on your receiver front-end amplifier. Everything is beautifully powder-coated. Apr 23, 2022 · 📌Product Link📌 :_____ 1. This is often made even more complex by the seemingly endless number of functions on offer and a significant amount of jargon, all of which can make selecting the right unit overwhelming. This boat radio has been designed from the ground-up to offer exceptional audio quality through an intuitive interface that can withstand a high level of marine-based punishment. More than boat weather radars, Lowrance offers expanded capabilities to deliver clear and precise imaging on high-definition HDS displays of shorelines, navigation buoys, floating debris, current weather conditions, marinas and other structures along with boats from Aug 28, 2023 · The Koden MDC-5200 series radar from SI-TEX Marine Electronics delivers professional-grade performance for a wide range of vessels. This model comes with a UHD split-screen for easy viewing, preloaded maps and charting data, and fishfinder technology. 11. 🌟. Monitor and track the world-wide ship traffic with enhanced speed. 22 m) and 6' (1. You'll enjoy the highest level of detection when you opt for this radar detector. view product. 8. Garmin GMR 18HD+ Marine Radar. radarbusters. New technologies and features incorporated into rapidly-advancing marine electronics make them a must-have on the boat. Garmin’s new Fantom™ Pulse Compression Radar, available in 18” (45. Rugged die-cast, waterproof housing. The comprehensive guide emphasizes ten key points including understanding the fundamentals of radar system, its functionality, the types of marine radars, their installation, maintenance, and importance of training for proper usage. Award-winning Axiom chartplotter displays deliver fast and fluid performance, thanks to a quad-core processor and the powerful LightHouse operating system. Working on traditional or rechargeable batteries, it will guide you all the way through with TOPO maps. com ). 1117/12. MAN#000-15555-002. The 6′ Scanstrut poles, which would not need to be stiffened with collars and tangs, list for $395 and $475. Blazing fast performance and power. 4 days ago · Whether you're out on a fishing trip or just cruising in a schooner, boat, or yacht, a marine GPS keeps you on your intended route. There's great clarity associated with the 4210 but combined with this radar, it's great for getting back to port. Apr 19, 2018 · Time series of (top) R/V Sikuliaq 17 m wind speed (blue) and marine radar ice drift speed multiplied by 20 (red) and (bottom) ice drift turning angle (red) and ice concentration (green) for 15–17 October, 2015 (YDs 288–290). Jun 11, 2018 · 964. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 6. Dive into our detailed guide for the best navigation technology at sea, featuring the latest models. , 9530 Pathway St. Simrad Halo 20+, 20”. 89% by 2020 -2030. Nov 11, 2018 · 2018 has been a fantastic year for rock music, reflected in this shortlist of fantastic guitarists who have released an album or hit the road in the last 12 months. [1] The project shows similarities to the British Global Combat Ship (also formerly named FSC program) but development is fully separate. X-band is 10GHz while S-band is 3Ghz frequency. Tucked away in an unassuming black box, this Clarion boat radio is one of the best available. With output power ranging from 4kW to 25kW and maximum range scales up to 96nm (Nautical Miles), the MDC-5200 is built for professional operators in challenging conditions. It's designed with an advanced false alert filtering system and gives voice warnings, so you can use the unit hands-free. If you’re on a boat and you want high-quality music, then you’re going to need the best marine stereo! But before you can choose the perfect marine stereo for you, there are many things to consider. Jan 15, 2021 · Best radar detectors for 2020. 25. The Humminbird HELIX 5 CHIRP GPS is our favorite pick for its easy navigation and advanced features. View at Amazon. 67. Download the 1995 Radar Reflectors Test. The 2018 Cabrinha Radar has benefited from upgrades that you can see across the Cabrinha range this year, such as High Tenacity Dacron which equates to tougher struts that you can pump up super hard without distorting the material. Pyle Bluetooth Receiver. 8 x 19. This robust little radio comfortable to hold, ergonomic in design, and very easy to use. com. The Expert: I’ve Jul 6, 2021 · As autonomous navigation is being implemented in several areas including the maritime domain, the need for robust tracking is becoming more important for traffic situation awareness, assessment and monitoring. Nov 25, 2020 · There are many options to pick from when considering what might be the best chartplotter options or MFDs (Multi Function Display) to put on your boat. A marine radar, combined with an electronic chartplotter employing updated digital charts and an Automatic Identification System, can be a vital component for a boatsman these days. Oct 30, 2021 · Vessel recognition plays important role in ensuring navigation safety. Check Price on Amazon. Aug 9, 2018 · Of their line of radios, the NX-5300 is one of the best options for Marine VHF applications. This line includes three-, four-, and six-foot open arrays with ranges to 72 nautical miles while putting out 55 watts. To this end, this paper proposes a coarse-to-fine recognition method by fusing CCTV and marine radar, called multi-scale matching vessel recognition (MSM-VR Apr 22, 2018 · If you want to burn it in, put it out in the yard someplace, a good distance from large metal objects like aluminum siding. "This pocket-sized marine GPS device with sun glare protection is widely loved among seamen. Sep 16, 2023 · What are the best marine electronic radar systems products in 2024? We analyzed 1,436 marine electronic radar systems reviews to do the research for you. Specifications: dimensions, HxWxD: 9. Professional features include built-in Dec 21, 2010 · The height of your radar antenna and the height of the target you’re looking for is what will determine whether or not your radar can see over that curve. The radar system includes an antenna installed on the ship’s mast that continuously rotates and emits frequency beams, also called echoes, to detect objects. CONTACT WEST MARINE. " Best Display: Humminbird Helix 5 Chirp GPS G2. “Target Tracking” (TT) function, can track and trace up to 20 targets. May 24, 2024 · Uniden. Many also can be networked with radar, autopilot and other peripherals such as audio systems. May 15, 2024 · Highlights The global Marine Radar System market is projected to reach USD million by 2028 from an estimated USD million in 2022, at a CAGR during 2023 and 2028. The performance-tuned Axiom® Plus is the second generation of Raymarine's award-winning GPS chartplotter displays. 25 pin RealVision type connector. To find the baseline total cost for all mariners to take the radar refresher or re-certification course, we multiplied the total cost per mariner of $964. User Lowrance has forever changed boat radar with real-time imaging from their line of Broadband and Pulse Compression Marine Radars. This radio is considered the brand’s new flagship radio. However, radar estimates are strongly affected by shadowing effects at extreme grazing incidence We don’t just sell the gear, we fit the gear! Mobile: 0418 810 022 Jul 10, 2001 · It costs more than the Davis Echomaster ($60), but outperforms it. JMA-5200MK2. The CR-SIM can be applied in order May 1, 2023 · The Basics of Marine Radar. $295. Profiles are so low, these scanners spin Dec 3, 2023 · Marine radar, once a high-tech luxury reserved for larger vessels, has become an essential tool for boaters of all kinds. Bonded LCD for fog-free clear readability and polarized friendly. The best mid-range radar detector: Escort Passport 9500iX Echomax® Mast Mount Brackets for EM180 Radar Reflector, Pair (EM180MBM) 0. Oct 26, 2023 · Garmin VHF 215i AIS Marine Radio. AIS display function. We present an online repository comprising three designated marine radar datasets from real-world measurement campaigns to be employed for target detection and tracking research purposes Radar is a navigation aid used for identifying, tracking and positioning of vessels in adherence with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea act, 1972, so as to safely navigate the ship. Editor's Choice: Garmin GPSMAP 64st. 2. May 23, 2018 · The radar range is aimed at the time of communication to measure location. Constaview digital signal processing. JVC Single-DIN Bluetooth. How to get there: Follow Route 50 east until the road ends. 2NM x square root height of target. Robert Huber with the Target Acquisition Platoon, counter-battery radar at 11th Marines inspects a newly-fielded Ground/Air Task Oriented Radar Block 2 radar system at Camp Pendleton, California. The Best Premium Marine GPS – Simrad NSS12 Evo3S. North American market for Marine Marine Radar Market Size Valued at USD 4. Whether you’re navigating foggy conditions, tracking nearby ships, or just ensuring safe passage, the right marine radar system is invaluable. Most Affordable: Cobra RAD 480i. Future Market Insights offers an unbiased analysis of the global marine radar market, providing historical data for 2018 to 2022 and May 16, 2019 · The National Hurricane Center and Central Pacific Hurricane Center's Tropical Cyclone Reports (TCRs) contain information on all tropical (and subtropical) cyclones that have occurred within the Atlantic, eastern Pacific, and central Pacific basins, including synoptic history, meteorological statistics, casualties and damages, and the post-analysis best track (six-hourly positions and intensities). Oct 11, 2022 · We take a look at the best marine GPS units available in 2021, for chart plotting, fish finding, and more! Explore the top marine GPS chart plotters in 2024. Whether it’s an open-array or an enclosed radome, the radar antenna scans 360 degrees and As told by Scott MacDonald, Regulator dealer at Bluewater Yacht Sales in Grasonville, MD. Echomax® Mast Mount Brackets for EM305 Radar Reflector, Pair (EM305MBM) 0. The KRA-1007_N can display radar targets using a PC with Onwa radar PC software. Our interactive map allows you to see the local & national weather In order to improve the accuracy of intelligent recognition of the marine ships besides the realization of the algorithm, a deep learning technique is introduced applying Faster RCNN algorithm to the recognition of marine vessels. Garmin offers a full line of radome and open array radars. Garmin Fantom 18” Pulse Compression Dome Radar. 1″ or 15. 00 | Buy Now. Oct 1, 2022 · Nevertheless, for grade-A performance and space, this product earns the best marine cooler label. Contact- Rozendal Associates, Inc. 45 billion by 2032. zip al142018_windswath. $214. 44. Using the unit with Onwa MFDs enables the radar function for The Simrad NSSevo3S 12 with HALO20+ Radar Bundle features bright 12” SolarMAX IPS display that can be operated by touch screen or buttons and includes the Simrad HALO20+ Radar. Jan 11, 2017 · Product Description. Reasons to buy: Variable sizes for varying budgets August 2018. Get Charting, Radar, Sonar and more on one display, or multiple displays, with this network bundle! NV15555002. 72 cm) and 24” (60. This method is the extension of an existing inverse modeling technique to derive wave spectra from marine radar images, which assumes linear wave theory with temporal stationarity and spatial homogeneity of the observed sea surface elevation. $202. It puts together these ranges taken by these 6 “halo” like rings. The sector is gaining pace as companies provide technologically improved marine radar with various wireless technologies. RAYMARINE RADAR SCANNERS. yq xw ri fh ns fn pj tl xm rl